Lake Biwa

Japan's Largest Lake: Lake Biwa
Lake Biwa, with an area of about 670 km², is Japan's largest lake. The shoreline stretches approximately 235 km, and there are well-maintained roads along the shore, making it possible to cycle around the entire lake. The deepest part of Lake Biwa reaches about 104 meters. The lake is about 60 km long from north to south and has a maximum width of about 20 km from east to west. As the largest lake in Japan, the scenery along the shore varies greatly depending on the location. The northern part, where mountains approach the lake, features rocky areas and inlets, while the eastern shore has long sandy beaches with waves lapping at the shore. The southern shore is characterized by urban landscapes encroaching upon the lake. Additionally, the scenery changes with the seasons and times of day, offering diverse views.

One of the World's Oldest Lakes
Lake Biwa boasts a long history, making it one of the oldest lakes in the world. Around 4 million years ago, a lake formed near what is now Iga City in Mie Prefecture. Over time, the lake's shape and location changed due to fault movements causing land subsidence and sediment filling the basin, eventually becoming the present Lake Biwa. The lake has remained in its current location for at least 400,000 years. There are only about 20 ancient lakes in the world with a history of over 100,000 years and endemic species, and Lake Biwa is the only one in Japan.

A Treasure Trove of Life
Over the 400,000 years since Lake Biwa took its current form, some of its organisms have undergone unique evolution. It is reported that over 1,700 species of aquatic plants and animals inhabit Lake Biwa, with more than 60 of these species being endemic to the lake.

A Lake for Swimming and Recreation
Lake Biwa is home to many swimming areas and is a popular spot for lake sports such as yachting and canoeing. These activities attract approximately 700,000 visitors annually to the swimming areas and marinas. The lakeshore features many flat paths, making it ideal for cycling and walking, which are enjoyed by many visitors.